![]() First, previous studies have shown that Fe/Al impurities are easily complexed with extraction agents and/or coprecipitated with heavy metals in the recycling process, thereby decreasing the purity of the recoverable heavy metals 10, 11. However, this method has two main disadvantages. ![]() Most heavy metals in the slag are dissolved by strong acid leaching, followed by the dissolution of impurities (e.g., Fe and Al). The conventional method for recycling heavy metals from smelting slag is chemical leaching with a strong acid 5, 6, 7, 9. Although smelting slag is a potential source of various alloys 5, 6, 7, it is difficult to recycle slag due to its complex impurities, such as Fe, Al, Si, Ca and high-molecular-weight organic matter, which are mainly derived from flocculants in smelting wastewater treatment 7, 8. In China, smelting slag is disposed of as an environmental priority pollutant, wherein the slag is generally stabilized with cement before landfilling for safety purposes 4. Slag contains high concentrations of heavy metals, such as Cu, Zn, Cr and Ni, which are harmful if released into the environment 3. Smelting slag is a typical hazardous waste generated in the smelting and metallurgy industry 1, 2.
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